Difference between C-state and S-state?

I was going through the Linux power management files, and I am confused about the C and S states.

• The C-states are defined in /sys/devices/system/cpux/cpuidle/. From what I understand they are used to put the CPU in different sleep states depending on the level of idleness.
• The S-state interface is in /sys/power/state and I can see different sleep states like freeze, standby, mem, etc. If I read their description they are trying to accomplish the same thing that the C-states are trying to do.

This brings me to my question: What is the difference between them? And if I want to prevent my system from going into idle, what parameters should I set. I set the disable parameter for the C-state in /sys/devices/system/cpux/cpuidle/ but I could still observe my phone going into the idle state (used systrace for observation).